I recently saw someone discussing whether the financial market is a zero-sum game, and I think this question isn't quite precise enough. It's true that some say winners and losers are opposite, but the key isn't in the market itself—it's in how you participate.
Let's start with short-term trading. If you're trading futures, options, or other leveraged instruments, or frequently entering and exiting for short-term gains, then yes, that's a typical zero-sum game. When one person makes money, another loses money. No new value is created; it's just capital flowing between different people. Look at those who get liquidated—their money directly goes into the pockets of the profit takers. In this game, the more participants there are, especially those driven by FOMO, the more it benefits a small few.
But long-term investing is completely different. I often see people buying Bitcoin or other assets with real value and holding them long-term. In this case, the market is no longer a zero-sum game. Why? Because the assets themselves are appreciating. Take BTC as an example: when I buy and hold, its value grows over time. This growth comes from several factors—currency expansion, increasing adoption of cryptocurrencies, infrastructure and application development. The most interesting part is that if I later sell BTC to someone else, and it continues to rise, the buyer profits too. I profit as well. The next holder can also benefit. It’s like a chain—everyone can win together.
Some data clearly illustrates this—over the past 16 years, anyone who has held Bitcoin for more than 4 years has never lost money. 100% of holders have made a profit. This simply can't happen in a zero-sum market.
So, fundamentally, short-term trading involves dividing a fixed pie, while long-term investing is about waiting for the pie to grow. Both approaches exist, but their nature is completely different.
My view is that in the coming years, the crypto market will undergo a significant transformation. Once governments establish legal frameworks, this market will no longer be characterized by four-year cycles of volatility but will enter a super-long-term development phase, eventually saturating like traditional stock markets. Now is the time to leverage informational advantages and position yourself early.
The key is to understand what game you're playing. Are you fighting in the short-term market, or betting on long-term assets? Choosing differently will lead to completely different outcomes.